2379 – Big Oil v the World (documentary mini-series 2022)

From the BBC official page:

“The story of what the fossil fuel industry knew about climate change more than four decades ago.

Scientists who worked for the biggest oil company in the world, Exxon, reveal the warnings they sounded in the 1970s and early 1980s about how fossil fuels would cause climate change – with potentially catastrophic effects. Drawing on thousands of newly discovered documents, the film goes on to chart in revelatory and forensic detail how the oil industry went on to mount a campaign to sow doubt about the science of climate change, the consequences of which we are living through today.

2022 is set to be a year of unprecedented climate chaos across the planet. As the world’s leading climate scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issue new warnings about climate change and the soaring cost of fuel highlights the world’s ongoing dependence on fossil fuels, this series details exactly how we got here.”

In our capitalist world, it is clear that the ‘green transition’ has had its skeptics, but it is hard to minimize the role of extractive fossil industries in supporting such skeptics or employing them in spreading lies, mistrust, or zooming in on the ‘uncertainty’ aspect. Once scientific predictions were at hand – it is almost as if there was a concerted effort to build up a counter-narrative of denialism spending countless billions to deny the runaway greenhouse effect.

‘Climate denialism’ would not exist today in this form if it had not been intentionally and systematically sponsored with big money by the oil industry majors. Such miseducation and complacency about fossil fuels are the direct results of investments in combatting scientific results and climatologist’s consensus over this matter.

Once such denialism became untenable, oil majors started promising newer, so-called ‘greener’ ways to phase out like gas (like fracking – which because of the methane leaks has been bringing us ever near to the edge of no return). It is not a bunch of cooks or just a few petrostate autocrats but decades-long campaigns of disinformation, subterfuge, and propaganda by the most powerful energy companies on earth – “oil majors” (till the recent rise of national state oil companies =NOCs and so-called independents like diversified international conglomerates responsible for upstream activities such as Mitsubishi Corp).

Why do people sport “Save Diesel” stickers on their cars? Well for one, these are not your petroleum Mad Max fools. Their belief and dependence on fossil fuels was heavily subsidized till recently. Everyone, from the farmers to the truck drivers has become addicted to such cheaply provided fuels (cheaply if you included the worldwide imperial network of 800 strong US military bases and supporting authoritarian regimes abroad) and this documentary shows how these changes were indefinitely postponed, and how the green movement was constantly watered-down or how we got fucked over big time. Information about climate modeling and scientific research was always available, obtained at the behest of the companies themselves but has been constantly downplayed by “oil majors” (Big Oil). It’s also one of the biggest stories of US environmental policy failure that probably brought us to were we are in a world of rising temperature, rising sea levels, extreme weather and countless other ripple down effects.

This BBC documentary will dispel any doubt about how disastrous and effective financing such disinformation campaign was. Extractivism is not just technical capacity and drilling or pumping out, it involves acquiescence on a large scale and governmental compliance with fossil fuel special interests. It is imho a top documentary in clarifying the step-by-step (forensic almost) historical way of how we got to the current climate emergency (possibly the biggest challenge that has faced humanity in its recent past). It is also a documentary that interviews the journalists, engineers, plus the “merchants of doubt” that have been employed over the years by the Oil industry to devise new methods of extraction, or have spread disinformation and manufactured consent and kept the biggest polluters polluting. To their credit -many, though not all deeply regret their involvement. Who are the footmen of oil industries? Although many of its political protagonists (and many if not almost all are men) express their ignorance, naivete, or lack of information at the time (or having been given false or biased information) – this is completely at odds with the fact that they have been instrumental to US’s Empire and its infinite thirst for fossil fuel energy supplies. Fossil fuel was and is still the blood of the empire. This story of how imperial histories have shaped such carbon ideologies is also not explored (a continuum btw British and American empire, one on coal and partially petroleum and the other on petroleum and now gas).

Another aspect (not discussed in this BBC mini-series) is that in the West (notably Europe and US) we still consider the energy industry as consisting of the “oil major” – with big corporations like Exxon being at the center of this investigation. But that is an outdated picture – since today such companies – 7 global oil majors – “hold less than 13% of global oil and gas production and reserves.”(a point made by Adam Tooze quoting the recent International Energy Agency’s latest report on the global oil and gas industry in the energy transition). As such today 7 global oil majors “hold less than 13% of global oil and gas production and reserves. National oil Companies (NOCs) account for more than half of global production and close to 60% of the world’s oil and gas reserves.”

[Photograph: Supran, et al., 2023, “Assessing ExxonMobil’s global warming projections” from the late 70s early 80s]

2274 – Adam Tooze: American Power in the Long 20th Century (lecture 2019)

“In 2002 Tooze was awarded a Philip Leverhulme Prize for Modern History for his first book, Statistics and the German State, 1900–1945: The Making of Modern Economic Knowledge.^{[citation needed]} He first came to prominence for his economic study of the Third Reich, The Wages of Destruction, which was one of the winners of the 2006 Wolfson History Prize,^[15] and a broad-based history of the First World War with The Deluge, published in 2014. He then widened his scope to study the financial crash of 2008 and its economic and geopolitical consequences with Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World, published in 2018, for which he won the 2019 Lionel Gelber Prize.^[16]

Tooze writes for numerous publications, including the Financial Times,^[17] London Review of Books,^[18] New Left Review,^[19] The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian,^[20] Foreign Policy,^[21] and Die Zeit.^[22] Since 2022 he sits on the board of the ZOE Institute for Future-fit economies.^[23]” (wiki)

More by Adam Tooze on London Review of Books: https://www.lrb.co.uk/contributors/adam-tooze

From the YT page: The history of American power, as it is commonly written, is a weighty subject, a matter of military and economic heft, of ‘throw-weight’, of resource mobilisation and material culture, of ‘boots on the ground’. In his lecture, Adam Tooze examines an alternative, counterintuitive vision of America, as a power defying gravity. This image gives us a less materialistic, more fantastical and more unstable vision of America’s role in the world.

By subscribing as a non-payed member to Adam Tooze Chartbook substack (I urge the one who can afford it to do it!) – I felt I entered some of deep end-hole of the “Matrix”, a place where stats and economic pieces of news meet policy making and even arts. He is one of the most active internationally (planetarily) “connected” people I know (and I do not mind using this over abused word when it matches). From the current Ukraine War to the so-colled New Cold War, from the Inflation Reduction Act to de-carbonization policies – this is a place to get your information. He is also not one of these usual pundits or experts – isolated and somehow affiliated to an ominous think tank, but a historian specialized on the war economy of Germany and one with a solid Keynsian background. At the same time he is a self confessed liberal Keynesian and not afraid to admit it. He also reads a lot, and follows a LOT of empirical evidence from just about everywhere. He’s also used to track down Marxist takes on the energy crisis – on the instrumentalization of the energy crisis by the fossil fuel industries (in what he calls a “Kaleckian moment” – Kalecki being this Polish left wing Keynesian that anticipated the resistance of the business lobby in thw face of government initiatives for full employment). He’s also challenging a lot of basic assumption – regarding China or the US at this crucial moment. What I like about his approach os the dynamic feeling – almost procesual caracter that is deeply informed but does not give in to settled fact or lazy thinking.

Here is the time to forget all what you thought you knew. We take the American century as being an inevitable outcome, an accomplished fact, from the closure of the West, its golden spike – also called The Last Spike toward the middle of the 19th c – to the disappearance of its native first nations (they are still around and still resisting oppression & depredation!). Well, here is a crash course into why the US as a great power of the 20th c or winner of the Cold War was more of a funambulist act. This is an important lecture to watch to follow because it makes all this triumph, inevitability and causal efficacy of the US as something manufactured, or at best an ad-hoc momentary or emergency issue. Stay with Tooze till the end and u will not regret it. Beside the summary of several other intersting books he quotes (such as Irresistble Empire or Fear Itself), he aims at starts revising (it is a revisionist history in this sense) some of the most cherished notions about America’s place in the world. As one question from the public aptly observed – it is “a great man history” take, and this feels a bit regressive to focus on a central banker, and a US central banker at that (Timothy Franz Geithner), but Geithner is somehow less known than Rubin, Alan Greenspan or Larry Summers. The financial history books of the late 20th feels they somehow missed how Geithner has “defied gravity” or why he put it in these terms. Globalization did not start with the late 40s after-war institutions highlighted by the extrordinary biographic book on the life of Maynard Keyenes (the so-called Washington Consensus at the Bretton Woods Conference) in earnest – but only in the 1990s. What he makes clear is that the Cold War was very nearly becoming hot during the 1980s and the war games of the Able Archer 1983 NATO exercise. There are longer histories here than the complacent aberration of the Trump event might suggest – and Tooze speaks about how the Marshall Plan, the Bretton Woods and the New Deal was built on a very peculiar coalition: Northern liberals, progressives, labor and the Solid South. Even the very notion of Manifest Destiny makes things less settled or anchored in reality or certitude. That is precisely the vote that has shifted to the Republicans. He has for lack of a better word – a dialectical view on the US, and he is more interested not in the Global New Order or the 800 US military bases around the world but in the new generation of ordering efforts by the US ruling elites. An order that somehow flies in the sense of common sense or even the gravitational pull of such players like China (who in one mentioned graph is supposed to have poured more concrete btw 2010 and 2013 than the whole of the US in the 20th c!).

1806 – Why Saudi Arabia Is Building a Linear City (neo 2021)

timespace coordinates: near future desert city

In January of this year, Saudi Arabia announced an immense new development project, that is supposed to set a blueprint for the future of the country and the world. The country will build a city, that stretches along a single 100 mile long line

Linear city as imagined by Spanish urban planner  Arturo Soria y Mata and Soviet planner Nikolay Alexandrovich Milyutin.

Ernst May, a famous German functionalist architect, formulated his initial plan for Magnitogorsk, a new city in the Soviet Union.

A Year in the Linear City is a 2002 weird fiction novella by Paul Di Filippo, published by PS Publishing.