books

1784 – “Shanzhai”, Future Mutations, Cosmotechnics and other books about China now

First some things about “Shanzhai” subculture and ethos.

Paperback, 224 pagesPublished February 20th 2020 by Pluto Press

Goodreads

‘Shanzhai’  from Cantonese slang, refers to the production of fake goods in China, which enjoy an anti-authoritarian-like dissemination across the global market. Starting with mobile phones, now fashion brands are subverted in this way, with many women at the helm of design and production. Fashioning China looks at the women designers simultaneously subverting and reinforcing the nationalist-developmentalist, masculinist and technocratic dream of brands that are ‘Made in China’.

Broadening the digital labor debate beyond typical masculine and techno-utopic readings, Sara Liao studies the precarious practices of women trying to create sustainable and creative lives, vividly illustrating a fashion culture that exists online as a significant part of the digital economy.

Drawing on material from interviews, participant observation, archives, policy documents, films and advertisements, Liao takes a multi-disciplinary approach to the topic, charting out the politics of intellectual property rights, globalization, technocracy, patriarchy and nationalism in a non-Western context. 

A study of Samuel Butler, cybernetics and emerging technology in Shenzhen, China.

review

review

Goodreads

“A brilliant and empathetic guide to the far corners of global capitalism.” –Jenny Odell, author of How to Do Nothing

From FSGO x Logic: stories about rural China, food, and tech that reveal new truths about the globalized world

In Blockchain Chicken Farm, the technologist and writer Xiaowei Wang explores the political and social entanglements of technology in rural China. Their discoveries force them to challenge the standard idea that rural culture and people are backward, conservative, and intolerant. Instead, they find that rural China has not only adapted to rapid globalization but has actually innovated the technology we all use today.

From pork farmers using AI to produce the perfect pig, to disruptive luxury counterfeits and the political intersections of e-commerce villages, Wang unravels the ties between globalization, technology, agriculture, and commerce in unprecedented fashion. Accompanied by humorous “Sinofuturist” recipes that frame meals as they transform under new technology, Blockchain Chicken Farm is an original and probing look into innovation, connectivity, and collaboration in the digitized rural world.

FSG Originals × Logic dissects the way technology functions in everyday lives. The titans of Silicon Valley, for all their utopian imaginings, never really had our best interests at heart: recent threats to democracy, truth, privacy, and safety, as a result of tech’s reckless pursuit of progress, have shown as much. We present an alternate story, one that delights in capturing technology in all its contradictions and innovation, across borders and socioeconomic divisions, from history through the future, beyond platitudes and PR hype, and past doom and gloom. Our collaboration features four brief but provocative forays into the tech industry’s many worlds, and aspires to incite fresh conversations about technology focused on nuanced and accessible explorations of the emerging tools that reorganize and redefine life today.

Goodreads

How did China’s mass manufacturing and “copycat” production become transformed, in the global tech imagination, from something holding the nation back to one of its key assets? Prototype Nation offers a rich transnational analysis of how the promise of democratized innovation and entrepreneurial life has shaped China’s governance and global image. With historical precision and ethnographic detail, Silvia Lindtner reveals how a growing distrust in Western models of progress and development, including Silicon Valley and the tech industry after the financial crisis of 2007-8, shaped the rise of the global maker movement and the vision of China as a “new frontier” of innovation.

Lindtner’s investigations draw on more than a decade of research in experimental work spaces–makerspaces, coworking spaces, innovation hubs, hackathons, and startup weekends–in China, the United States, Africa, Europe, Taiwan, and Singapore, as well as in key sites of technology investment and industrial production–tech incubators, corporate offices, and factories. She examines how the ideals of the maker movement, to intervene in social and economic structures, served the technopolitical project of prototyping a “new” optimistic, assertive, and global China. In doing so, Lindtner demonstrates that entrepreneurial living influences governance, education, policy, investment, and urban redesign in ways that normalize the persistence of sexism, racism, colonialism, and labor exploitation.

Prototype Nation shows that by attending to the bodies and sites that nurture entrepreneurial life, technology can be extricated from the seemingly endless cycle of promise and violence.

Cover image: Courtesy of Cao Fei, Vitamin Creative Space and Sprüth Magers

essay on Cosmotechnics as Cosmopolitics by Yuk Hui

notes on reading Cosmotechnics

Goodreads

This volume reflects on the meaning and the implications of Yuk Hui’s notion of cosmotechnics, which opens up an anti-universalist and pluralist perspective on technology beyond the West.

Martin Heidegger’s famous analysis of the essence of technology as enframing and as rooted in ancient Greek techne has had a crucial influence on the understanding and critique of technological society and culture in the twentieth century. However, it is still unclear to what extent his analysis can also be applied to the development of technology outside of ‘the West’, e.g. in China, Africa and Latin America, particularly against the backdrop of receding Western domination and impending global ecological disaster. Acknowledging the planetary expansion of Western technology already observed by Heidegger, yet also recognizing the existence of non-Western origins of technical relationships to the cosmos, Yuk Hui’s notion of cosmotechnics calls for a rethinking – in dialogue with postcolonialism and the so-called ontological turn in contemporary anthropology – of the question concerning technology which challenges the universality still present in Heidegger (as well as in Simondon and Stiegler) and proposes a radical technological or rather cosmotechnical pluralism or technodiversity. The contributors to this volume critically engage with this proposal and examine the possible implications of Hui’s cosmotechnical turn in thinking about technology as it becomes a planetary force in our current age of the Anthropocene.

ebook, 289 pages

Published 2019 by Amsterdam University Press B.V.

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With its emergence as a global power, China aspires to transform from “made in China” to “created in China”. Mobilised as a crucial source for solid growth and “soft power,” creativity has become part of the new China Dream. This anthology engages with the imperative of creativity by aligning it to three interrelated phenomena: boredom, shanzhai, and digitisation. How does creativity help mitigate boredom? Does boredom incubate creativity? How do shanzhai practices and the omnipresence of fake stuffs challenge notions of the original and authentic? Which spaces for expressions and contestations has China’s fast-developing digital world of Weixin, Taobao, Youku and Internet Plus Policy opened up? Are new technologies serving old interests? Essays, dialogues, audio-visual documents and field notes, from thinkers, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers, contribute to explore, examine and problematize what is going on in China now, ultimately to tease out its implication to our understanding of “creativity”.

games

1783 – Back to Bed (2014 video game)

Back to Bed is an artistic 3D puzzle game with a surreal twist. Bob is an unlucky narcoleptic who has a tendency of falling asleep in his boring office and then proceeding to sleepwalk into the dangers of the big city.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS (MINIMUM): OS: Windows XP SP3 / Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo 1.8Ghz or equivalent (lower might work but is untested) / Memory: 2 GB RAM / Graphics: Intel Core HD Graphics 3000/4000, NVIDIA 8800 GT, ATI Radeon HD 4850 or better / DirectX: Version 9.0c / Storage: 600 MB available space / Sound Card: DirectX 9.0c compatible sound card / Additional Notes: Controller support: Xbox 360, Xbox One, Playstation 3, Playstation 4, several Logitech and miscellaneous controllers.


games

1782 – DARQ: Complete Edition (2020 video game)

Summary: Darq is a Psychological Horror game about a boy stuck in a nightmare, where he must find a way out by bending the laws of physics and manipulating the fabric of the dream world.
Genres: Adventure, Puzzle
Developers: Unfold Games

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS (MINIMUM): OS: Windows 7 / 8 / 10, 64-bits / Processor: Intel Core i3-530 / Memory: 4 GB RAM / Graphics: NVIDIA Geforce GTX 260 / ATI Radeon HD 4870 / Storage: 3 GB available space / Additional Notes: X-Box One / X-Box 360 / Logitech F310 / Steam Controllers are supported. More coming soon

steam   /   IGN   /   Release Announcement Trailer

movies

1781 – I Care a Lot (2020)

timespace coordinates: 2020’s Massachusetts

I Care a Lot is a 2020 American dark comedy thriller film written and directed by J Blakeson. The film stars Rosamund PikePeter DinklageEiza GonzálezChris Messina, and Dianne Wiest. (wiki)

imdb   /   rottentomatoes


movies

1780 – Willy’s Wonderland (2021)

timespace coordinates: 2010’s remote Hayesville, Nevada

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Willy’s Wonderland is a 2021 American action comedy horror film directed by Kevin Lewis from a screenplay written by G. O. Parsons. The film stars Nicolas Cage, who also serves as producer, along with Emily TostaRic Reitz, Chris Warner, Kai Kadlec, Christian Del Grosso, Caylee Cowan, Terayle Hill, Jonathan Mercedes, David Sheftell, and Beth Grant. It follows a quiet drifter who is tricked into cleaning up an abandoned family entertainment center haunted by eight murderous animatronic characters. (wiki)

“At this point, Cage’s movies don’t have to be reviewed, but rather stamped with official certificates of weirdness.” Frank Scheck

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imdb   /   rottentomatoes   /   Killer Klowns from Outer Space (1988)   /   The Banana Splits Movie (2019)

books, documentary

1778 – The Devil’s Historians: How Modern Extremists Abuse the Medieval Past (book by By Amy S. Kaufman and Paul B. Sturtevant 2020)

After watching Part 5 — The Lordly Ones the last series docu by Adam Curtis episode I felt like finally posting this study here that I have not read but sounds very compelling. The archival materials Curtis assembles and edits trace the shifting contours of another underlying pattern that emerges from his centrifugal (vaguely non-linear) history VJing (?!) kaleidoscopic rush towards now. His initial giveaway – from recently departed D. Graeber – takes history, memory and future as something made and in the making. All the unnerving loose-ends, valuable archival footage fragments, documenting both personal trajectories and ebbing planetary emotions keep chasing each other and keep producing new contradictions and dynamics that one may refuse to acknowledge but cannot ignore. I am not a historian nor an academic, but I am keen follower & curious seeker of repurposed, remade, salvaged neo-worlds, of the joy of invention and imaginative play that is always risky stuff, whenever and wherever we imagine various pasts, or whenever one in order to have a tradition invents it. This also implies courage as well as response- ability (as D Haraway said). No idea is innocent and what was once invented might seem eternal, or gets enshrined as national tradition under strict gatekeeping. So how the past or how ‘nativism’ gets to to be roleplayed now, commercialized, weaponized or how folklore gets radicalized counts.

This post is not to debunk or ridicule the dreamy, fairy (elvish), fantasy invented- worlds that abound online and offline nowadays, or their dedicated publics, history buffs or LARPing fans, nor is it an attempt to bury the neo-medieval. In fact the Middle Ages have transformed our understanding of the past and in turn we have been transforming our understanding of this period regarded and banished as dark-side, obscurantist, superstitious intermediary btw Antiquity and Renaissance. All what followed, all what was inherited from the antiquity has been already imprinted and further elaborated during those subsequent medieval times. The Middle Ages are being constantly revolutionized (enough to check the Medieval Twitter!). Games, novels, tatoos, and even Middle Age lifestyle gatherings make it something eerily alive and very active in the weirdest places and corners of the net. Still, under current circumstance this practice also includes toxic manifestos extolling neo-medieval glorious pasts (as in Breivik’s case and others) as well as organized nationalist tribalism (as in Jacob Mikanovski’s survey of the Great Kurultáj) or the ethnopolics of Romanian neo Dacian White Wolves – thus making it mportant to delineate a certain strain and specificity that has defined this reconstruction of the past since 1900 under certain artistic and historical circumstances. This peculiar dream of a lost countryside, of happy peasants dancing their dances, obedient to their good, fair and noble overlords is a very modern (middle class) hackneyed back-to-country pastoral Middle Age idyll. It starts to animate the oeuvre (operas, literature, ethnological research) and arts of an English (and probably globally Westernized – if we consider the German, Slavic and Romanian neo- Medieval volkish movements roughly parallel with it) middle classes. It coincides with the whole white fear eugenics & demographic panic (Sax Rohmer, Madison Grant etc) the whole Twilight of the West (Untergang des Abendlandes by Oswald Spengler). This European medievalist trend has been growing in contrast with and as a reaction/retreat in the face of the rapid impact of industrialization, colonialism overseas (immigration at home), humiliation by non – European armed forces (Russo-Japanese War) and of changing power relations in the wake of tremendous productive forces being unleashed, the rise of robber baron monopolies as well as the collapse of the British Imperialism. Retreating to the countryside has had an appeal for those who could afford to retreat in comfort and not face the horrors of city life, industrial squalor as well as the growing bargaining power of the worker (mostly miner) masses.

In response there has been an incredible growth of a idealized Middle Ages with its aesthetics be it in literature (yes J R R Tolkein is also part of it), in music – and part of it was also the Glanstonbury Festival (1914-1925) inspired in part by Richard Wagner’s Bayreuth example altough the history is more complicated and winded then an episode’s mention can deal with. Adam Curtis makes the central claim that a lot of intellectuals and prominent archaeologists involved in the formation of the state of Iraq (state nationhood) have constructed and supported the same type of tribal mythology in the context of the Gulf States and the Near East. So archaeologists (among them Getrude Bell as mentioned by Adam Curtis) have been attracted by this romantic image of the Orientalist view of tribal traditional leaders (what they saw as the local tribal aristocratic version of their – “The Lordly Ones”), encouraging and establishing the power of local authoritarian oil sheikhs of the future. This was done against those very populations that had to be ruled & perforce suffer the ill effects of this rule. This romantic nativism & exalted tribalism had quite destructive effects on the local secular and already developing middle classes of Iraq, Syria and other former parts of the Turkish Ottoman Empire that where on their way towards modernization.

The West has been active in seeding somehow and sustaining this purified & cleaned-up image of an oldskool entitled ‘noble aristocracy’ – something completely at odds with the situation on the ground. The aristocratic neo feudal turn is also visible in popular pulps. Tarzan is a new type of hero: written by an American, its about the physical feats of a lost white male heir of the Lord Graystoke fortune. A (via his stay in the African jungle) rewilded British scion raised by apes combining the ‘noble savage’ with a good lordly pedigree. With the waning of fhe British Empire, a kind of neo- medieval return to hallowed hierarchies – was taking root in the States as well around 1900 – for example considering the habits, Christian Crosses, pires, rituals, cultural bricolage and costumes portrayed in the viciously racist neo-Templar knight proto-KKK version of US history, especially as portrayed in D W Griffiths movie The Birth of a Nation. In fact the whole knightly made-up cosplay (‘klan’ Highland -clan) look from this movie was copied by actual klan-members later on, was being inspired by an earlier literary description from the Romantic adventure novels of Walter Scott – itself an invented version of the Middle Ages in tune with the new Romantic ideals. In Romania itself the protochronist movement has embellished a particularly ethocentric version of the past and its purportedly socialist dictators have identified(helped by historians) themselves with particular rulers, built monuments and have been depicted (even in paintings) as kings of yore & fathers of the land. It is this kind of hauntological truth that comes to haunt us, a past that we have otherwise actively cosplayed, contructed, or reconstructed. It is important to think and revisit not just to cynically trash the whole revival mood – but enable a more diverse, dirty, grotesque, multifarious and complicated Middle Ages, one where we may even find empowering (that do not give in to the lure of exceptionalism nor purism) and cherish the core of ‘progressive’ elements (even if it sounds anachronistic) therein as an insistence of possibilities (in Isabelle Stengers words).

I want to make a note in saying Adam Curtis mentions in his documentary this brooding opera by Rutland Boughton (1878-1960) called The Immortal Hour (1914) in connection with the Celtic revival, the neo-pagan movement of Europe, of rediscovered traditional dances, of inventing and introducing dark and eerie forces (of anti-modernity?) that where in fact very modern. Neo-paganism has always had these National-Socialist and anti-semitic undertones (or at least bulk anti- Judeo-Christian) which have deeply tainted its follow-up. At the same time it is important to recognize that Rutland B. was considered a socialist and his work’s reception suffered because of his communist leanings (he was member of the communist party). Nothing is simple or easy to categorize. The Middle Ages was not a terrain just for imagining oppressive, hierarchical racial fantasies – in fact a prominent utopian thinker, socialist activist, designer, William Morris and a major figure of the British Arts & Crafts movement was involved in the Middle Ages revival. In a footnote to their Dialectic of Enlightenment Adorno and Horkheimer adopt the critic of Disenchantment voiced by such neo-pagan animists as Ludwig Klages but stop short of his embrace of the primordial magical communion with nature. The fragment quoted by Jason Ananda Josephson Storm (in his Myth of Disenchantment) is worth citing in full in regard to the increasing commercialization of a pure, more ecological “dark geen” Middle Ages as well as the taunted union with a Gaian healing power that rings more truer than ever (see wellness industry or greenwashing fossil fuel extractive industries):

“Klages [and company] recognized the nameless stupidity which is the result of progress. But they drew the wrong conclusion… The rejection of mechanization became an embellishment of industrial mass culture, which cannot do without the noble gesture. Against their will, artists reworked the lost image of the unity of body and mind for the advertising industry.”

Glastonbury in the sprawling & interminable Glastonbury Romance by John Cowper Powys reads more like the attempt to muster all these diverse alternative (alternate) and incompossible temporal perspectives into a comprehensive anarchist- Jacobin-Marxists miner- pilgrimage/Middle Age eco-commune at an intersection of ley lines. In solidarity with the miners General Strike, Boughton the composer produced his Bethlehem nativity opera with Jesus born in a miner’s cottage and King Herod as a top-hatted capitalist and roman soldiers in police uniforms and duly lost his funding (not sure yet how this avoids the current anti- elitist populism and anti-semitic discourse or keeps converging towards it). There’s much to be said about dormancy – and residual feelings and a past that is not past. The residual has been always inviting us to search for traces (Ernst Bloch) of the future in the present (and also without proto chronist bias in the past) and unassimilated and unassuming remnants might always lie around as well as giving rise to new emergent cultural forms that go unnoticed. Sven Lütticken quotes Marxist cultural critic Raymond Williams and his 1970s remarks on why we should not treat “feudal culture” or “bourgeois culture” as monolithic blocs by focusing only on their dominant features – and this comes to the fore especially in regard to a continously forming and emerging Middle Ages. There’s a sense that at key historical moments (and Raymond Williams has a truly procesual understanding of his examples) wherever and whenever new and emerging cultural forms, experiences, values get generated “there is always other social being and consciousness which is neglected and excluded: alternative perceptions of others, in immediate relationships; new perceptions and practices of the material world.” At the same time we are reminded how different is the dawn of a newly dominant computational emergentism and ‘other pasts’ during 1970s or 1980s neoliberalism (an important reference period for both Adam Curtis as well as Raymond Williams) in regard to ’emergentism’ as understood under the auspices of 1920s by someone like Whitehead or Powys.

I would add two more names to the mix – the study of Middle Ages and Renaissance by famous (1895-1975) Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin Rabelais and his World. As part of his research Bakhtin identifies the carnival as a collectivity that is defined and organized in a way that defies socioeconomic and socipolitical organization. According to Bakhtin’s celebrated analysis “[A]ll were considered equal during carnival. Here, in the town square, a special form of free and familiar contact reigned among people who were usually divided by the barriers of caste, property, profession, and age”. Exaggeration, hyperbole and excessiveness constitute the meat and bone of grotesque realism aesthetics that he helped identify across the ages (including the Mardis Gras carnivalsque celebrations). Other contemporary writers have drawn on such egalitarian and progressive anticipative moves for example – in peasant utopias – sources of re-imaging this world as another world – as China Miéville put it in a 2018 article: “In the medieval peasant utopia Cockaigne it rains cheese. Charles Fourier imagined the seas turned to lemonade. The Big Rock Candy Mountain. These are dreams of sustenance out of reach of the dreamers, of the reduction of labour, of a world that will let exhausted humanity rest.”

Goodreads

Amy S. Kaufman and Paul B. Sturtevant examine the many ways in which the medieval past has been manipulated to promote discrimination, oppression, and murder. Tracing the fetish for “medieval times” behind toxic ideologies like nationalism, antisemitism, Islamophobia, misogyny, and white supremacy, Kaufman and Sturtevant show us how the Middle Ages have been twisted for political purposes in every century that followed. The Devil’s Historians casts aside the myth of an oppressive, patriarchal medieval monoculture and reveals a medieval world not often shown in popular culture: one that is diverse, thriving, courageous, compelling, and complex.

Read a review of the book here